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Enseignement spécifique des masters - PHY_54402_EP : Practical Photovoltaics : From Laboratory to Industry

Descriptif

This course makes the link between the fundamental physics of photovoltaic devices and the practical reality of selling PV-generated kWh.
It is composed of two parts: (1) an intensive laboratory component (24 hours spent in a research lab) giving students the opportunity to fabricate and test photovoltaic devices in a research environment, and (2) three lectures given by our industrial partners from Total, concerning the PV industry.

Objectifs pédagogiques

After taking this course, the student should be able to:

  • Laboratory Component:
  • Demonstrate experimental familiarity with critical elements of photovoltaic device fabrication or advanced material/device characterization
  • Describe their own laboratory research result in the field of photovoltaics
  • Apply their knowledge of the experimental design and methods particular to PV to defend or moderate their results.
  • Identify, use and weight the physical parameters in a photovoltaic system and critical output metrics

 

  • Industrial Lecture Component
  • Describe the industrial steps to produce photovoltaic modules
  • Identify usage of photovoltaics in appropriate applications
  • Have a global vision of the photovoltaics market, value chain and main players
  • Quantitatively evaluate PV system costs and PV electricity costs
  • Take into account safety
  • Carry scientific messages on the environmental impact of photovoltaics 

30 heures en présentiel

Diplôme(s) concerné(s)

Format des notes

Numérique sur 20

Littérale/grade réduit

Pour les étudiants du diplôme M2 EN - Energy

Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
  • le rattrapage est obligatoire si :
    Note initiale < 7
  • le rattrapage peut être demandé par l'étudiant si :
    7 ≤ note initiale < 10
L'UE est acquise si Note finale >= 10
  • Crédits ECTS acquis : 4 ECTS

Programme détaillé

Introductory Lecture

- Overview of laboratory options and specialization selection (2hrs)

Laboratory Sessions

24 hours total: 6 x 4 hours each, spent in laboratory

Students focus on one of many topics concerning PV technologies (subjects change each year)

  • Standalone PV Systems (GEEPS)
  • Data Analysis for PV (SIRTA)
  • Advanced characterization techniques (GEEPS)
  • III-V materials and characterization (C2N)
  • Perovskite Solar Cells (LPICM)
  • Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells (LPICM)
  • More with each year

Industrial Lectures

 I: PV industry, market and economy

The photovoltaic industry – an overview

- Historical development of PV, Applications, Technology, Markets / economy

Reminder of basics and metrics of PV

- PV systems, efficiency and Watt peak, other physical parameters, Performance: cells to module, Sun and intermittency

Snapshot of current industry and market

- Market and trends, Actors : location, technology, structure

- An idea of current costs and performances 

Industrial production of PV

- Production line, Silicon, Ingot, Wafer, Cells, Modules,
- Thin films (TF-Si, CdTe, CIGS), III-V, OPV, DSC
Production management, purchasing
- Norms and certifications, Structure of costs in production, Financing / capitalization,

Main actors

Electricity production with PV projects

-  PV system, Structure, type, space, Producible : management of losses, simulation, Watt peak to kWh to €, Project development

-  Structure of costs, Levelized Cost of Electricty (LCOE), Economical schemes / Finances, Grid parity, FiT, Portfolio, Tax credit / subsidies, Self-consumption, Main actors 

HSE

-  Industrial safety, Installation safety, Environmental impact of PV 

Industrial Lecture II: Industrial R&D programs and innovation

  1. Introduction: Research & Development vs Innovation
  2. R&D as a segment of an industrial activity
    b. Innovation as a state of mind in a Company
    c. Disruptive innovation: ‘what (could) make great companies fail? 
  3. Research & Development in Solar PV: several ten years of progress in cell efficiency
  4. NREL compilation of hero (certified) cells:
    b. Outstanding industrial (and R&D) players: who drives performance up?
    c. Top ten research centers around the world 
  5. Different PV technologies addressing different markets: State-of-the-art / challenges / perspectives
  6. Crystalline Si: an old lady? (including purification/ingoting/wafering/cell conversion)
  7. mc-Si
  8. c-Si

iii. Alternative technologies: ribbons, smart-cutting technologies... 

  1. Thin films:
  2. CdTe
  3. a-Si, pm-Si, μc-Si, pc-Si...

iii. CI(G)S & CZTS

  1. Organic / hybrids
  2. Printed polymers: bilayer, bulk heterojunction
  3. Small molecules: evaporation or printing technologies? 

iii. Dye sensitized structures

  1. III-V semiconductors:
  2. Single-junctions
  3. Multijunction
  4. The nano and quantum tool box: 
  5. Nano wires
  6. Quantum dots

iii. Intermediate band structures

  1. Transverse activities: a ‘must’ to address the complete value chain:
  2. Modules and systems
  3. Reverse engineering
  4. Specific issues to PV industry as seen from R&D:
  5. Raw materials
    b. Time to market: from theoretical concept to lab device... to industry and market
  6. Industrial transfer: scale-up, control control control, stage-gate procedures
    d. R&D as a support to production 

Environmental and EHS issues 

 

Mots clés

laboratory

Méthodes pédagogiques

research laboratory sessions (24 hrs)
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